PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.